Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications and Discrimination

A bona fide occupational qualification (or a BFOQ) is agendered wait staff is in compliance with the
characteristic that certain employers are allowed torestaurant's established reputation. Hooter's is an
take into account when hiring and firing employees.establishment for which this is the case.
These characteristics would, in other circumstances,Nationality-It is important to note here that nation of
be considered discriminatory; however, due to theorigin is not considered the same as race. Race is
nature of certain jobs, legislature has made a fewnever a characteristic that an employer can lawfully
exceptions.discriminate against. On that note, nationality can be
What constitutes a BFOQ?considered by employers when it is deemed
Characteristics which are considered "bona fide"reasonably necessary" for an employee to be of a
occupational qualifications" include the following:o Ageoparticular nationality. For example, when a movie
Gendero Nationalityo Religiondirector who is seeking an Indian actor to play Gandhi
It is important to keep in mind that an employer is onlyin a film.
able to discriminate based on these characteristicsReligion-Instances in which religion is considered a
when it is deemed it "reasonably necessary" in orderBFOQ are rare. Unless the occupation is working for a
for an employee to perform the basic duties of the jobreligiously affiliated company, there are not many
for which they are applying.reasons for an employer to deem it "reasonably
Examples of a Legitimate BFOQnecessary" for an employee to be of a certain religion.
For clarification purposes, here is a list of examples forHowever, an example would be if someone were
each type of bona fide occupational qualification.applying for a job at a Christian book store, the
Age-Employers consider age in a number ofemployer may consider Christianity a BFOQ.
employment fields. One such example is piloting. ForAlthough bona fide occupational qualifications exist in all
safety purposes, a pilot cannot continue flying planessectors of the workforce, they are only lawful when
after they turn 60 years old. Other occupations alsocertain circumstances exist, and discrimination in any
have age requirements for employees to satisfactorilyother setting is illegal.
perform related tasks.For more information about employer discrimination
Gender-Businesses may discriminate based on genderand BFOQ's, consult the San Antonio employment
only when it is necessary for a business' continuedlawyers of Melton & Kumler, LLP.
successes. For example, when hiring a certain