Spoiled Leadership: Seven Reasons Why Managers Find It So Difficult to Throw Out Their Bad Apples.

Every organization has at least one: that employee,After all, they’ve stayed around this long for a
who for whatever reason, behaves as though comingreason. When you confront them, bad apples
to work is a fate worse than death. You know, thearen’t afraid to pull out all of the stops to
guy who drags down coworker morale with his horrificredirect your attention from poor behavior to their
attitude, or the gal whose absence transforms anmore positive traits, or as is often the case, to some
office of formerly solitary cubicle hermits into a placeother employee. Maybe yours will mention an account
where people productively work together to getshe just brought in . . . or maybe she will point out that
extraordinary results. He (or she, as the case may be)one of her fellow employees was late to work for the
is your company’s “bad apple.” Andthird time that month.
Joanne G. Sujansky, Ph. D., founder and president ofSolution: “Regardless of what your bad apple is
KEYGroup ( warns that if you want to keep him (ortelling you in order to distract you, stay focused on
her) from spoiling the whole barrel, well, you’veaddressing the issues at hand,” says Sujansky.
got your work cut out for you.“Simply say, ‘That’s not what we’re
A new study shows that your company’s badhere to discuss,’ and bring her back to the
apples have a tendency to spoil your entire corporatesubject of her destructive attitude. Rest assured that if
culture. KEYGroup’s Joanne G. Sujansky, Ph. D.,you ignore it, you’ll have that same employee in
offers solutions for managers who don’t knowyour office the next month and the month after that
what to do with these problematic employees.as you attempt to solve the same problem again and
Every organization has at least one: that employee,again.”
who for whatever reason, behaves as though comingProblem #4: Bad apples aren’t always poor
to work is a fate worse than death. You know, theperformers. Some can be great producers for the
guy who drags down coworker morale with his horrificcompany. If your bad apple’s problem is simply
attitude, or the gal whose absence transforms ana negative attitude or a tendency to bully other
office of formerly solitary cubicle hermits into a placeemployees, his bad apple-ness—if you will—may not
where people productively work together to getprevent leaders from viewing him as an asset. Maybe
extraordinary results. He (or she, as the case may be)he’s a big producer, or maybe he’s
is your company’s “bad apple.” Andtalented in some hard-to-find skill. His “good”
Joanne G. Sujansky, Ph. D., founder and president ofqualities may make you reluctant to confront him, much
KEYGroup ( warns that if you want to keep him (orless get rid of him altogether.
her) from spoiling the whole barrel, well, you’veSolution: “It’s important that you provide
got your work cut out for you.balanced feedback to all of your direct reports,
She cites a recent study—conducted by Williamincluding your bad apples,” says Sujansky.
Felps, a doctoral student at the University of“Acknowledge the positive contributions your bad
Washington Business School and Terrence Mitchell, aapple is making, but don’t be afraid to confront
professor of management and organization at the UWthe behaviors that negatively affect others. Besides,
Business School and a UW psychology professor, andafter the confrontation the bad apple may realize that
published in Research in Organizational Behavior—thathis annoying behaviors will limit his progress and
explores just how much damage one bad apple canpromotability in the organization. Or at the very least,
wreak.he may realize that his behavior will prevent him from
"This study takes an interesting look at a problem thatgetting support from others when his success is on
is all too prevalent in corporate America,” saysthe line. Ultimately, you must decide whether or not the
Sujansky. “The authors point out that it’s likelybad apple’s negative behaviors outweigh his
that your bad apples are harming your otherone big sale or his singular skill. Keeping these positives
employees’ morale, which can lead to an overalla part of the organization may not be as critical as
team breakdown. When bad apples are present,increasing the productivity of the whole team.”
people aren’t as willing to handle problems thatProblem #5: Rather than model and recognize the
arise, don’t foster open communication with onebehavior they want, expect, and demand, managers
another, and generally stop functioning as afocus too much attention on poor behavior. According
team—not a great recipe for high performance andto the Felps and Mitchell study, one reason this
productivity.”happens is because the positive behavior that does
Clearly, managers should make dealing with bad applesoccur in the office can’t cancel out the negative.
a top priority. But as Sujansky points out, doing so is noThere’s just something in human nature that
easy (or welcome) task. After all, managers are onlyallows the bad to outweigh the good. If you
human—and bad apples have a tendency to be justdon’t give employees a lot of positive to focus
as draining for them as they are for everyone else inon, their attention will naturally gravitate to the negative.
the company. In fact, many managers don’tSolution: “While you shouldn’t ignore the
even know how to even begin dealing with thesenegative behavior in the office, you should deliberately
problematic employees.place much more emphasis on showcasing the
“It’s been our experience that bad applespositive. Reward employees who go out of their way
usually comprise only a small percentage of anto help their teammates on projects. Create a peer
organization,” says Sujansky. “But because theyreview system. And be open and responsive to
require more effort to handle than other employees,employee feedback. If you create employees who
it’s not uncommon for managers to spend avalue teamwork and understand how their behavior
great deal of their time dealing with or listening to theaffects their coworkers, you may actually modify the
bad apple’s various concerns or complaints orbad apple’s destructive tendencies.”
the complaints they receive from other employeesProblem #6: Some managers are afraid to fire bad
about the bad apple. Clearly, managers need to thinkapples for fear of legal retribution. Bad apples, by
about the illogic of such an efforts-to-results ratio!”definition, are troublemakers. And it stands to reason
If managers don’t deal with their badthat people who cause problems working inside a
apples—either (metaphorically) cutting out the rottencompany are likely to also cause problems on their
behaviors or tossing the entire apple out of theway out the door. If you’re like many managers
barrel—their “spoiling” effects will only multiply.you may fear that if you fire your bad apple—or
The first step, though, is understanding just whateven confront or discipline her—she’ll threaten
makes these employees so incredibly difficult toto file suit for discrimination or harassment or any other
handle.reason she thinks will work.
Sujansky spells out the reasons managers are soSolution: “Legal retribution shouldn’t be a
flummoxed by bad apples, along with some practicalworry for you if you follow sound human resources
techniques for dealing with them once and for all.practices required of a leader,” says Sujansky.
Problem #1: Some company cultures tolerate“Great leaders should coach, provide balanced
managers passing bad apples from department tofeedback, help the employee develop a plan for
department. Rather than try to bring their badcorrection, develop the plan for correction, discuss
apple’s behavior to an end, many managerswhat you document, and document what you discuss.
choose to simply move the employee on to anotherAfter each meeting with her, cite the problem, the
department. By the time they get to you,action taken to correct or eliminate it, the dates, the
they’ve been with the company for so long thatresult that occurred, and any comments that will help
it seems impossible to fire them. You’reyou to recall the sessions. And be sure to create
tempted to follow the lead of your predecessors andfact-based objective documentation that includes all
simply shuffle your bad apples along to the nextlevels of performance and behavior, both positive and
team—but all that does is move the misery around.negative.”
Solution: “Quite simply, you must create a cultureProblem #7: Firing employees, no matter how bad their
that doesn’t allow people to pawn problems offbehavior or poor their performance, is never easy. If
on others,” says Sujansky. “At KEYGroup we callbad apples refuse to change their behavior the time
this kind of company a Vibrant Entrepreneurialwill come when you must let them go. Unfortunately,
Organization. A VEO has the kind corporate culture infiring people is such an unpleasant experience that
which that elusive sense of ownership can flourish.most managers will put it off for as long as possible.
It’s like this: when managers feel that theyAnd many have never been trained in how to
‘own’ their work and their company, theyappropriately fire employees.
won’t allow a bad apple to spoil either one. IfSolution: “Even in a VEO there may come a time
your culture allows bad apples to be passed aroundwhen an employee just isn’t working out,”
from department to department without anysays Sujansky. “It’s important that managers
consequence for their behavior, well, that’sknow exactly how to approach these situations. Make
exactly what will happen. If you have a VEO in whichsure you discuss your situation and intended actions
every employee innovates constantly, executeswith your human resource professional or legal
relentlessly, and works with a sense of passion, badcounsel. They will help you plan and conduct the exit
apples simply won’t be able to survive.”meeting with the bad apple. Here are the important
Problem #2: Managers expect team members to dealpoints that should be made in the exit meeting: a
with the bad apple, but they can’t—orreminder of previous discussions and warnings that
won’t. People have a great difficulty givinghave been previously communicated to the bad apple,
feedback to their peers. They’ll almost alwaysa brief explanation of why the separation is taking
push the problem back to managers rather thanplace, and the follow-up activities necessary to
confront the employee directly.complete the exit strategy. This final meeting
Solution: “The study shows that confrontation byshouldn’t be a surprise to the bad apple. It
team members can occasionally be successful,”should be the implementation of the next step that has
says Sujansky. “The problem comes when teambeen communicated in a previous meeting. Let him
members don’t feel like they have enoughknow his being fired is the consequence for the lack of
power in the situation. Here’s another instanceturn-around in his performance,”
when developing a vibrant entrepreneurial organization“Another important point the study makes is that
will solve the problem. First, the sense of ownershipcompanies can avoid the bad apple disease all
instilled in employees who work in VEOs makes themtogether,” says Sujansky. “I wholeheartedly agree,
want to find a solution to the problem themselves. Inand in fact, this is a topic KEYGroup constantly
these kinds of workplaces, clear and openaddresses with our clients. Success lies in failsafe-ing
communication is key.your hiring practices. Hire for talent and values and
“By the way, healthy peer communicationcharacter, not just for skill sets. You can teach people
doesn’t just happen,” she adds. “Smartthe skills they need, but you can’t always teach
leaders know they have to foster it, and there arework ethic or integrity or respect. These are the raw
plenty of ways to do so. For instance, we’vematerials that make up a VEO. Remember, culture is
developed a teambuilding activity called KEYGroupeverything . . . so make sure you build the kind you
Quest that helps our clients dramatically improve theirwant, one employee at a time.”
team's communication, ingenuity, and problem-solvingThis article may be reprinted for your use in an
skills. Basically, team members spend a day completingorganizational newsletter and or e-zine provided that
and video taping assigned tasks around their city. Ityou contact Kelly Hanna, Director of Sales and
works very, very well, and it’s fun, too.”Marketing at 724-942-7900 to gain permission.
Problem #3: Bad apples can be master manipulators.